Imirimo yo mu rugo idahemberwa ihabwa agaciro igihe batandukanye?

Ernestine Musanabera

Umuntu ashobora kumara imyaka yita ku rugo, arera abana, ategura amafunguro, akora isuku kandi yita ku bandi bagize umuryango, mu gihe uwo bashyingiranywe akora akazi kamwinjiriza amafaranga. Icyo gihe iyo batandukanye, uwakoze iyo mirimo ashobora gusaba ko na yo ihabwa agaciro mu kugabana umutungo, nubwo yaba atarigeze agira amafaranga yinjiza mu rugo.

Ibi biteganywa n’Itegeko Nº 71/2024 ryo ku wa 26 Kamena 2024 rigenga abantu n’umuryango, cyane cyane mu ngingo yaryo ya 175, iteganya ko urukiko rushobora kuzirikana agaciro k’imirimo yo mu rugo idahemberwa mu rubanza rw’ubutane, iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe abisabye.

Iri tegeko rigena ko agaciro k’iyo mirimo gashobora kubarirwa hagati ya 10% na 39% by’umutungo abashyingiranywe bungutse kuva bashyingiranywe, hamaze gukurwamo imyenda bafashe nyuma yo gushyingirwa.

Me Twiringiyimana Théogène, umunyamategeko mu Ihuriro ry’Imiryango Itanga Ubufasha mu by’Amategeko mu Rwanda (Legal Aid Forum), avuga ko iyi ngingo igamije gufasha abantu kumva ko kubaka no gutunga urugo bitagarukira ku mafaranga gusa, ahubwo ko n’uruhare rw’uwita ku rugo rufite agaciro.

Agira ati “Ubundi impamvu iyi ngingo yashyizwemo ni ugufasha abantu guhindura imyumvire, kuko gutunga urugo atari ukuzana amafaranga gusa, ahubwo ko harimo no kurera abana, gukora isuku, gutegura amafunguro no kwita ku bagize umuryango, baba abarwayi cyangwa abageze mu zabukuru.”

Ibi bivuze ko umuntu utinjiza amafaranga mu rugo atagomba guhita afatwa nk’utagize uruhare mu kurwubaka. Imirimo yo kurera abana, kwita ku bashakanye no kwita ku bandi bagize umuryango ishobora kuba yarafashije undi kubona umwanya wo gukora akazi no kwinjiza amafaranga, bityo na yo ikaba ishobora kuzirikanwa igihe habaye ubutane.

Me Twiringiyimana asobanura ko uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko iyo mirimo ihabwa agaciro butagendera ku myaka abashyingiranywe bamaranye. Umuntu ashobora kubisaba yaba yaramaranye n’uwo bashyingiranywe igihe kiri munsi y’imyaka itanu cyangwa kirenzeho.

Icyakora, agaciro k’iyo mirimo ntikatangwa mu buryo bwikora. Urukiko ni rwo rusuzuma ubusabe n’imiterere y’urubanza, rukagena niba iyo mirimo igomba guhabwa agaciro n’urugero rw’ako gaciro, hakurikijwe amategeko.

Abataramaranye imyaka itanu bashobora kutagabana umutungo ku buryo bungana

Uretse agaciro k’imirimo yo mu rugo, iri tegeko rinateganya uburyo umutungo ugabanywa iyo abashyingiranywe batandukanye, bitewe n’uburyo bari barahisemo kuwucunga.

Itegeko riteganya uburyo butandukanye bw’imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, burimo ivangamutungo rusange, ivangamutungo w’umuhahano n’ivanguramutungo risesuye. Abagiye gushyingiranwa bashobora kandi kugirana amasezerano agena uko bazacunga umutungo wabo.

Ingingo ya 156 ivuga ko iyo ivangamutungo rusange risheshwe bitewe n’ubutane cyangwa guhindura uburyo bw’imicungire y’umutungo, umutungo n’imyenda bigabanywa ku buryo bungana, keretse abashyingiranywe bumvikanye ku bundi buryo.

Icyakora, iyo abashyingiranywe batamaranye imyaka itanu, umwe muri bo ashobora gusaba urukiko ko umutungo n’imyenda bitagabanywa ku buryo bungana. Urukiko rusuzuma impamvu zatanzwe, rukagena uko bigomba kugabanywa rushingiye ku miterere y’urubanza.

Me Twiringiyimana avuga ko iyi ngingo igamije gukumira abashobora gushyingiranwa bagamije inyungu zishingiye ku mutungo w’abo bashakanye.

Ati: “Impamvu abashyingiranywe batandukana batamaze imyaka itanu batagabana umutungo mu buryo bungana ni uguca umuco wo gushyingiranwa n’umuntu umukurikiyeho imitungo ye.”

Gusa, kuba abashyingiranywe bataramara imyaka itanu babana ntibivuze ko umwe muri bo ahita atakaza uburenganzira bwo guhabwa umugabane ungana n’uw’undi. Ni ubusabe bugomba gusuzumwa n’urukiko, rushingiye ku mpamvu zatanzwe n’ibimenyetso biri mu rubanza.

Agaciro k’imirimo gashobora kugera kuri 39% by’umutungo

Ingingo ya 175 iteganya ko agaciro k’imirimo yo mu rugo idahemberwa gashobora kuba hagati ya 10% na 39% by’umutungo abashyingiranywe bungutse kuva bashyingiranywe, hamaze gukurwamo imyenda bireba.

Urugero, niba umutungo abashyingiranywe bungutse mu gihe bari bamaze gushyingiranwa ungana na miliyoni 20 Frw, nyuma yo gukuramo imyenda ibarwa hakurikijwe iri tegeko, 10% by’uwo mutungo byaba miliyoni 2 Frw, naho 39% bikaba miliyoni 7.8 Frw.

Iyi mibare igaragaza urugero rw’agaciro gashobora kubarwa hashingiwe ku ijanisha riteganywa n’itegeko. Ntabwo bivuze ko buri wese usaba agaciro k’imirimo yo mu rugo ahita ahabwa ayo mafaranga, cyangwa ko buri rubanza rugomba kugera kuri 39%.

Mu by’ingenzi, iyi ngingo ishyira ku munzani uruhare rw’abashyingiranywe mu kubaka urugo, yaba urushingiye ku mafaranga binjije cyangwa ku mirimo bakoze batayagahemberwa. Ku bantu batandukanye, gusobanukirwa n’uburenganzira bwabo n’uburyo amategeko aburengera bishobora kubafasha kumenya ibyo bashobora gusaba mu rubanza rw’ubutane.